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	References for When medicines cause harm Do you want to complete this activity to gain 2 hours of continuing professional development? Medsafe. (2013). Safety information: medicines safety monitoring. Accessed September 2018. http://medsafe.govt.nz/Consumers/Safety-of-Medicines/Medicines-Safety-and-Pharmacovigilance.asp Talbot, J., Aronson, J. &Stephens, M. (2012). Stephens’ detection and evaluation of adverse drug reactions. (6^th ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Hakkarainene, K. et al. (2012). Percentage of patients with preventable adverse drug reactions and preventability of adverse drug reactions – a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 7(3): e33236. Roughead, E., Semple, S. & Rosenfeld, E. (2016). The extent of medication errors and adverse drug reactions throughout the patient journey in acute care in Australia. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare. 14(3): 113-122. Charlton, M.& Thompson, J. (2017). Adverse drug reactions. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 18(4): 205-209. Lazarou, J., Pomeranz, B. & Corey, P. (1998). Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients. A meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA.278(15): 1200-1205. Patel, T. & Patel, P. (2018). Mortality among patients due to adverse drug reactions that lead to hospitalization: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 74(6): 819-832. Pedrós, C. et al. (2014). Prevalence, risk factors and mean features of adverse drug reactions leading to hospital admission. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 70(3): 361-367. Davies, E. et al. (2009). Adverse drug reactions in hospital in-patients: a prospective analysis of 3695 patient-episodes. PLoS ONE. 4(2): e4439. Ferner, R. (2016). Adverse drug reactions. Medicine. 44(7): 416-421. Rang, H. et al. (2016). Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology. (8^th edition). London: Churchill Livingstone. Schrijvers, R. et al. (2015). Pathogenesis and diagnosis of delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reactions, from bedside to bench and back again. Clinical and Translational Allergy. 5: 31. Pichler, W. & Hausmann, O. (2016). Classification of drug hypersensitivity into allergic, p-I, and pseudo-allergic forms. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 171: 166-179. Wedi, B. (2010). Definitions and mechanisms of drug hypersensitivity. Expert Reviews in Clinical Pharmacology. 3(4): 539-551. Pavlos, R. et al. (2015). T cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to drugs. Annual Reviews in Medicine. 66: 439-454. Bos, J. et al. (2018). Prediction of clinically relevant adverse drug events in surgical patients. PLoS ONE. 13(8): e0201645. Rieder, M. (2018). Adverse drug reactions across the age continuum: epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, prevention and treatment. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.58(S10): S36-S47. Hilmer, S. & Gnjidic, D. (2017). Prescribing for frail older people. Australian Prescriber. 40: 174-178. Smeulers, M. et al. (2015). Quality indicators for safe medication preparation and administration. A systematic review. PLoS ONE. 10(4): e0122695. WHO. (2016). Medication errors: technical series on safer primary care. Geneva: World Health Organization. Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2007). The five rights: a destination without a map. Accessed October 2018. https://www.ismp.org/resources/five-rights-destination-without-map Hughes, R. & Blegen, M. (2008). Medication safety administration. In Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. WHO (n.d.). Improving medication safety. Accessed October 2018.http://www.who.int/patientsafety/education/curriculum/who_mc_topic-11.pdf Massachusetts Nurses Association. (2011). Position on medication error. Accessed October 2018. http://www.massnurses.org/nursing-resources/position-statements/med-errors CREATE ACCOUNT FIND ARTICLES TAKE THE TOUR Make a new account to start learning online. Create account Search the list of articles. Find articles Learn about the site and how it can help you. Take the tour	LATEST ARTICLES Show all MR-SID: Medication-Related Substance Impaired Driving Delirium - often overlooked Asthma Understanding diuretics NSAIDS: risks and benefits Gastritis and the proton pump inhibitors LATEST NEWS Can drugs cause dementia? Link Influenza Vaccine: Calling the shots Link Medicinal cannabis: all smoke? Link Is your Christmas ham killing you? Link

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CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR NURSES

References for When medicines cause harm

Medsafe. (2013). Safety information: medicines safety monitoring. Accessed September 2018. http://medsafe.govt.nz/Consumers/Safety-of-Medicines/Medicines-Safety-and-Pharmacovigilance.asp
Talbot, J., Aronson, J. &Stephens, M. (2012). Stephens’ detection and evaluation of adverse drug reactions. (6^th ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Hakkarainene, K. et al. (2012). Percentage of patients with preventable adverse drug reactions and preventability of adverse drug reactions – a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 7(3): e33236.
Roughead, E., Semple, S. & Rosenfeld, E. (2016). The extent of medication errors and adverse drug reactions throughout the patient journey in acute care in Australia. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare. 14(3): 113-122.
Charlton, M.& Thompson, J. (2017). Adverse drug reactions. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 18(4): 205-209.
Lazarou, J., Pomeranz, B. & Corey, P. (1998). Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients. A meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA.278(15): 1200-1205.
Patel, T. & Patel, P. (2018). Mortality among patients due to adverse drug reactions that lead to hospitalization: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 74(6): 819-832.
Pedrós, C. et al. (2014). Prevalence, risk factors and mean features of adverse drug reactions leading to hospital admission. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 70(3): 361-367.
Davies, E. et al. (2009). Adverse drug reactions in hospital in-patients: a prospective analysis of 3695 patient-episodes. PLoS ONE. 4(2): e4439.
Ferner, R. (2016). Adverse drug reactions. Medicine. 44(7): 416-421.
Rang, H. et al. (2016). Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology. (8^th edition). London: Churchill Livingstone.
Schrijvers, R. et al. (2015). Pathogenesis and diagnosis of delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reactions, from bedside to bench and back again. Clinical and Translational Allergy. 5: 31.
Pichler, W. & Hausmann, O. (2016). Classification of drug hypersensitivity into allergic, p-I, and pseudo-allergic forms. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 171: 166-179.
Wedi, B. (2010). Definitions and mechanisms of drug hypersensitivity. Expert Reviews in Clinical Pharmacology. 3(4): 539-551.
Pavlos, R. et al. (2015). T cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to drugs. Annual Reviews in Medicine. 66: 439-454.
Bos, J. et al. (2018). Prediction of clinically relevant adverse drug events in surgical patients. PLoS ONE. 13(8): e0201645.
Rieder, M. (2018). Adverse drug reactions across the age continuum: epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, prevention and treatment. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.58(S10): S36-S47.
Hilmer, S. & Gnjidic, D. (2017). Prescribing for frail older people. Australian Prescriber. 40: 174-178.
Smeulers, M. et al. (2015). Quality indicators for safe medication preparation and administration. A systematic review. PLoS ONE. 10(4): e0122695.
WHO. (2016). Medication errors: technical series on safer primary care. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2007). The five rights: a destination without a map. Accessed October 2018. https://www.ismp.org/resources/five-rights-destination-without-map
Hughes, R. & Blegen, M. (2008). Medication safety administration. In Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
WHO (n.d.). Improving medication safety. Accessed October 2018.http://www.who.int/patientsafety/education/curriculum/who_mc_topic-11.pdf
Massachusetts Nurses Association. (2011). Position on medication error. Accessed October 2018. http://www.massnurses.org/nursing-resources/position-statements/med-errors